There are the Regulations, the Counsels, the Instructions, the Announcements, There is the "Lien shan" system, there is the "Kuei tsang",Īnd there is the system of Changes of the Chou Dynasty such are the three systems which elucidate the Changes. The "Books of Poetry", of "History" and of "Changes", the "Rites of the Chou Dynasty", the "Book of Rites", and the "Spring and Autumn Annals",Īre called the Six Classics, which should be carefully explained and analysed. The next step is to the "Six Classics", which may now be studied. When the "Classic of Filial Piety" is mastered, and the "Four Books" are known by heart. He who wrote "The Great Learning" was the philosopher Tsêng.īeginning with cultivation of the individual and ordering of the family, it goes on to government of one's own State and tranquillisation of the Empire. "Chung" (the middle) being that which does not lean towards any side, "Yung" (the course) being that which cannot be changed. The "Chung Yung" was written by the pen of Tzu-ssu These explain the WAY and the exemplification thereof, and expound charity and duty towards one's neighbour. The works of Mencius are comprised in seven sections. In this, the various disciples have recorded the wise sayings of Confucius. The "Little Learning" finished, they proceed to the "Four Books". Those who are learners must have a beginning. In the education of the young, there should be explanation and elucidation,Ĭareful teaching of the interpretations of commentators, and due attention to paragraphs and sentences. These ten obligations are common to all men. Respect on the part of the sovereign, loyalty on the part of the subject. Precedence between elders and youngers, as between friend and friend, These are the nine agnates, constituting the kinships of man.Īffection between father and child, harmony between husband and wife,įriendliness on the part of elder brothers, respectfulness on the part of younger brothers, Great great grandfather, great grandfather, grandfather, father and self,įrom son and grandson, on to great grandson and great great grandson. Silk, and bamboo, yield the eight musical sounds. The gourd, earthenware, skin, wood, stone, metal, We speak of joy, of anger, we speak of pity, of fear, These six animals are those which men keep. The horse, the ox, the sheep, the fowl, the dog, the pig. These six grains are those which men eat. Rice, spiked millet, pulse, wheat, glutinous millet and common millet. These five virtues admit of no compromise. We speak of charity of heart and of duty towards one's neighbour, of propriety, of wisdom, and of truth. These five elements have their origin in number. We speak of water, fire, wood, metal and earth. These four points respond to the requirements of the centre. We speak of north and south, we speak of east and west. These four seasons revolve without ceasing. We speak of spring and summer, we speak of autumn and winter. (2) the love between father and child, (3) the harmony between husband and wife. The Three Bonds are (1) the obligation between sovereign and subject, The Three Luminaries are the sun, the moon and the stars. The Three Forces are Heaven, Earth, and Man. Hundreds and thousands, thousands and tens of thousands. To behave as a younger brother towards elders, is one of the first things to know.īegin with filial piety and fraternal love, and then see and hear. Jung, at four years of age, could yield the (bigger) pears. Hsiang, at nine years of age, could warm (his parents') bed.įilial piety towards parents, is that to which we should hold fast. Should attach himself to his teachers and friends, and practise ceremonial usages. He who is the son of a man, when he is young If a man does not learn, he cannot know his duty towards his neighbour. If jade is not polished, it cannot become a thing of use. If he does not learn while young, what will he be when old? If the child does not learn, this is not as it should be. To teach without severity is the teacher's laziness. To feed without teaching is the father's fault. He taught five sons, each of whom raised the family reputation. Tou of the Swallow Hills had the right method. Of old, the mother of Mencius chose a neighbourhood Īnd when her child would not learn, she broke the shuttle from the loom. The right way in teaching, is to attach the utmost importance to thoroughness. If foolishly there is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate. Their natures are much the same their habits become widely different. In the table below, the column "1st Part" refers to the first half of a sentence (consisting of three characters) and the column "2nd Part" refers to the second half of a sentence. It has been used to teach children Confucian values until recent times. The San Zi Jing (三字经) is also known as the Three Character Classic.
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